disadvantages of nanotechnology in cancer treatment

Acad. An additional layer of targeting functionalities can be applied to these nano-formulations to improve their biodistribution and minimize immune clearance. 2023 Apr 4;28(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s11658-023-00442-z. J. Application of Nanotechnology in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy - A Mini Nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis: progress, challenges and opportunities In the fight against cancer, early detection is a key factor for successful treatment. See this image and copyright information in PMC. In vivo studies of MUC1 aptamer-capped mesoporous silica nanomaterials on MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice were found to effectively target breast cancer cells and induce a dramatic reduction in cell viability [223]. a The effect of IGF1R in MIAPaCa-2 cells was assessed by immunofluorescence labeling employing an anti-IGF1R antibody (shown in red color). -. Traditional cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This major setback has led to the development of ligand-directed liposomes for active targeting and treatment of different types of cancer. 12, 67596769 (2017), N. Karki et al., Functionalized graphene oxides for drug loading, release and delivery of poorly water soluble anticancer drug: a comparative study. Rep. 8(1), 2907 (2018), S. Patra et al., Green synthesis, characterization of gold and silver nanoparticles and their potential application for cancer therapeutics. In my study I found different disadvantages of using nanoparticles in water and wastewater treatment such solubility, increasing TOC and difficulty of collecting after treatment I need your. 49(1), 160172 (2014), P.K.B. 65, 393404 (2018), H.K. J. Later, we elaborate upon the design and fabrication of nanomaterials, along with different types of nanomaterials used in cancer therapeutics including liposomes, dendrimers, inorganic nanomaterials and polymeric nanomaterials. Med. Pharm Res. Areas covered: Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug delivery vehicles consist of. Eng. ACS Bio Med Chem Au. These dendritic systems have been used to deliver anticancer drugs wherein the drugs are encapsulated/conjugated with dendrimers. C 89, 274282 (2018), D. Wang et al., Facile preparation of doxorubicin-loaded and folic acid-conjugated carbon nanotubes@poly(N-vinyl pyrrole) for targeted synergistic chemo-photothermal cancer treatment. Chithrani, A.A. Ghazani, W.C.W. Additionally, since these nanocarriers interact with the biomolecules and may tend to aggregate forming a protein corona, disturbing the regular function of nanomedicine formulations and rendering them ineffective in controlling the cancer cell growth [286]. Several studies have demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity with targeting moieties. Discusses the limitations of target therapy for some cancer patients. Similarly, the cellular uptake and in vivo fate of micellar nanoparticles have been explored, wherein negatively charged micellar nanoparticles were taken up by tumor cells, and the mechanism of internalization was determined to occur through multiple distinct endocytic pathways including clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis. Biol. J. There is a multitude of other factors that can present potential challenges for nanotherapeutics such as low blood circulation rate in tumor vessels, tumor site macrophages, and extracellular matrices environment around tumor cells. 8c, the cell viability of various formulations was investigated on a rat C6 glioma cell line at different temozolomide concentrations. Interfaces 4(1), 466475 (2012), H. Yu et al., pH- and NIR light-responsive micelles with hyperthermia-triggered tumor penetration and cytoplasm drug release to reverse doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer. Funct. 2015 Jun;93:52-79. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.018. 52(2), 899912 (2015), S. Ma et al., Highly stable fluorinated nanocarriers with iRGD for overcoming the stability dilemma and enhancing tumor penetration in an orthotopic breast cancer. The extracellular microenvironment of tumor tissues is acidic, due to secreted lactic acid caused by glycolysis in anorexia. Macromol. These in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the effectiveness of combination therapy using temozolomide and siRNA for treatment of glioma and provided understanding on the folate targeted co-delivery of cancer therapeutics. The cellular uptake of surface modified PLGA nanoparticles were in the order of vitamin E TPGS-coated PLGA>PVA-coated PLGA>naked PLGA nanoparticles [124]. Other stimuli have been investigated for controlled release, including heat generated under a magnetic field [49], photo-inducible systems [69], ultrasound inducible systems [70] and electrochemically triggered [71] controlled release of drugs. Trewyn, V.S.Y. Contemporarily, double receptor targeted iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel drug delivery systems have been developed against prostate cancer [158]. Biomaterials 30(5), 859866 (2009), Y.-I. Heo et al., Gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with paclitaxel drug and biotin receptor as theranostic agents for cancer therapy. Interfaces 7(32), 1817918187 (2015), L. Xiong et al., Cancer-cell-specific nuclear-targeted drug delivery by dual-ligand-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Nanotechnology: A Revolution in Cancer Diagnosis - PMC Several polymer-based therapeutics are currently in the market or undergoing a clinical evaluation to treat cancer. Nanoparticles are classified into several main categories. Chem. Nanotechnology - Types, Applications, Disadvantages, Companies 12, 67876797 (2017), S.-B. Mater. Biogenic Ag nanoparticles can be employed against prostate and colon cancer. Disclaimer. The tariquidar and doxorubicin-loaded pH sensitive liposome formulation exhibited outstanding tumour inhibition against the tested cells by increasing the accumulation of doxorubicin in cells, allowing them to enter specifically into the nuclei [241]. Chem. Release 200, 138157 (2015), C.K. 2018;68:394. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. Thus, it is fundamental to engineer the nanomaterials to maximize their utility in biomedical applications. AK acknowledges International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) Fellowship (Molecular Biology) from the Max Planck Society, Germany (2016-18) and Melbourne Research Scholarship for the support of his research at the University of Melbourne. A recent FDA-approved nano-formulation comprising of liposomal entrapped cytarabinedaunorubicin combination (CPX-351 Vyxeos) has shown 9.6months of overall survival compared with 6.0months of survival for the free form of the drug in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk acute myeloid leukemia [35]. Additionally, the size and shape of the nanomaterials impact the drug loading and release, along with the stability [102]. Vo, G. Kilcher, N. Tirelli, Polymers and sulfur: what are organic polysulfides good for? J. J. Pharm. Adv. Sci. Therapeutic efficacy of passive targeted approaches is limited by the heterogeneity of the EPR effects seen within and between different tumors. Similar to Au nanoparticles,silver (Ag) nanoparticles havealso been demonstrated to be used as anticancer agents for the treatment of multiple types of cancer [144,145,146,147]. Surface modified polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles have been reported and employed for delivery of docetaxel (DTX) as a targeted drug delivery system for the treatment of liver cancer. Xia et al., constructed a pH sensitive liposome formulation by loading tariquidar (TQR) and doxorubicin to overcome multidrug resistance of drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Biotechnol. Iran. Soc. Nagraju, H.K. Polymeric nanoparticles are efficient in enhancing therapeutic and diagnostic effects over conventional medicines. 60(11), 13071315 (2008), O.R. Nanoparticles as a Delivery System of Antigens for the Development of an Effective Vaccine against. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts Wu S, Zhu W, Thompson P, Hannun YA. Often in the breast cancer cells, Mucin 1 (MUC1), a cell surface protein, will be overexpressed. Biomed. Small 7(10), 13221337 (2011), S. Krasnici et al., Effect of the surface charge of liposomes on their uptake by angiogenic tumor vessels. ACS Appl. 13, 1113 (2018), M.B. Additionally, as new multidrug resistance mechanisms are unraveled and studied, nanoparticles are being investigated more vigorously. Schematic illustration representing various challenges involved in the delivery of cancer nanotherapeutics. A wide range of nanotherapeutics, composed of organic and inorganic nanomaterialshave been developed with multiple types of drugs or molecules for cancer imaging, detection and treatment. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of Nanotechnology Chem. The first FDA (the Food and Drug Administration, national agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services) approved nano-drug is one consisting of PEGylated liposome entrapped doxorubicin (DOX) targeted against HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma tumor, and ovarian cancer. This pronounced variance from different surface coating suggests that chemical modification of nanoparticles is one of the most effectual means to control and restrain cellular interactions of nanomaterials, and hence their biological consequences. In vivo, pharmacokinetic studies have also been conducted in the study to reveal the variation in the glioma growth in rat brain for different complexes after 25days of the first injection. The use of diverse nanomaterials with desired properties and recent progress in the drug delivery arena have revealed outstanding challenges in cancer therapy and management. Biopharm. Nano Res. 46, 594606 (2018), M. Martnez-Carmona et al., Lectin-conjugated pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted bone cancer treatment. Commun. B Biointerfaces 170, 718728 (2018), A. Jhaveri et al., Transferrin-targeted, resveratrol-loaded liposomes for the treatment of glioblastoma. Sci. Nanotechnology has the potential to facilitate the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier and to enhance their pharmacokinetic profile. Similarly, in an in vivo environment, many smaller proteins and intrinsic biomolecules bind non-specifically on the surface of nanoparticles, commonly known as Vromans effect [58], leading to changed identity of the whole nanosystem. 16(4), 14571462 (2018), A.D. Bangham, M.M. This phenomenon can be further exploited for potential therapeutic purposes, employing nanoparticles as drug or gene delivery carriers. Liposomes can be conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), targeting ligands and/or antibodies, polysaccharides on the external surface to enhance solubility, to increase the hydrophilicity and to provide passive and active targeting functions, in due course attaining high drug efficiency with low toxicity [233]. Adv. Interfaces 9(46), 4088740897 (2017), Y. Tang et al., Co-delivery of trichosanthin and albendazole by nano-self-assembly for overcoming tumor multidrug-resistance and metastasis. This approach bypasses the absorption step across the intestinal epithelium required after oral administration [28]. 111, 11061115 (2018), L. Ansari et al., Improved anticancer efficacy of epirubicin by magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo studies. All these observations are motivating and may change the face of cancer treatment and management. Biopharm. Nanotechnology has led to several promising results with its applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, including drug delivery [ 2 ], gene therapy, detection and diagnosis, drug carriage, biomarker mapping, targeted therapy, and molecular imaging. In contrast, in closed-loop systems the drug release rate is controlled by the presence and intensity of internal stimuli in the vicinity of the target sites [60, 61]. C 53, 298309 (2015), M. Ramar et al., Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Solanum trilobatum fruits extract and its antibacterial, cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line MCF 7.

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